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Pilgrimage to Ireland, Part 4: Roscrea & Ikerrin, Tipperary

20 Friday Jun 2014

Posted by Janet Maher in Ikerrin, Ireland Pilgrimage, Mahers, Meachairs, Meaghers

≈ 7 Comments

Tags

Irish Midland Ancestry, Irish pilgrimage, Joseph Casimir O'Meagher

©2014 Caitriona Meagher, Roscrea, Looking Toward Clonan, artist unknown, image given to C. Meagher by G. Cunningham

©2014 Caitriona Meagher, Roscrea, Looking Toward Clonan, artist unknown, image given to C. Meagher by G. Cunningham. With gratitude to them!

Those who know me from many years back on Jane Lyon’s Y-IRL list serve or from my earlier web sites will no doubt recall my excitement about discovering Joseph Casimir O’Meagher’s Some Historical Notices of the O’Meaghers of Ikerrin, published in 1890. Its compilation of myriad facts and details became my bible, not only through which to learn about my father’s surname, but as a means to begin to study the history of Ireland herself. Names of places that had seemed so difficult to pronounce or remember eventually became familiar, and the differences between provinces, counties, baronies, townlands and civil or religious parishes, among a great many other things, also became clear. That boundaries and jurisdictions continually changed, as they do in all developing civilizations, reminded me to always note the time frame of an historical detail, as one decade’s information might vary greatly from another’s, some event having caused any number of ripple effects.

©2014 Janet Maher, Monainha Graves

©2014 Janet Maher, Monaincha Graves

While we may know that the original location for the Meaghers was in northeast Tipperary, in and near the town of Roscrea, we also know that due to all the turmoil over the centuries individuals and families chose to (or were forced to) spread further throughout Tipperary, relocate to other regions, or leave home entirely. From the time of Oliver Cromwell’s entry into Ireland question marks pepper every Gaelic Irish surname’s history. O’Meagher’s text underpinned and provided a context for everything I had learned so far. My studies of surnames based in the Tippeary/Kilkenny/Laois area had brought me to a point of simply wishing to walk or drive through particular areas in real time, gaining a felt sense of the distances between places.

What of Roscrea, the main town within the barony of Ikerrin (Ui Cairin), associated with the O’Meachairs/Meaghers/Mahers? After all the dispersals, transportations, emigrations, deaths, how relative to a current Maher from another country might Ikerrin be? It was in this questioning state of mind that I looked forward to meeting Caitriona Meagher on my journey—someone with whom I had become an email correspondent in the past year. Caitriona, and her cousin, Anna, whom I was also delighted to have met the following week, are among perhaps very few members of the Meagher/Maher clan who know and can point to locations that show their family connecting back to O’Meaghers mentioned in Joseph Casimir O’Meagher’s work. Caitriona’s family still lives within an extended area of land upon which Clonan Castle once existed (“Clonyne/Cloyne” in Some Historical Notices, depicted on pg. 18). It was with great excitement that I went to visit her, and I am so grateful for the thrilling day we spent together.

©2014 Janet Maher, Clonan Cows

©2014 Janet Maher, Clonan Cows

We met at her mother’s home, and Caitriona immediately brought me outside to the perfect spot from which to look out over all of what used to be the barony, a wide circle recessed in the center, spreading out for miles. The base had been a lake with about a two acre island in it — Lough Cré (Inishnameo), the Island of the Living. Gesturing outwards she told me, “All the castles were along the ridge, around the perimeter,” and she pointed to the division where Ikerrin left off and the land of their kinsmen, Ely O’Carroll, began. Through binoculars we could slightly make out two partial castles directly across the way (which I found the following day). She explained that Clonakenny Castle (Caisleán Cluain an Chaoinaigh), toward our far right, was in the safest section, protected by all the other outlying castle communities. Although we did not see them, Caitriona said that evidence remains of ancient ring forts in the area too, and that farmers through the ages have avoided them, both for superstitious reasons and in honoring their historic importance. The image at the head of this essay shows some top portions of Clonan Castle at the horizon (“bumps” that interrupt the curve), evidence of the castle’s formerly great size, the top of which could be seen from within the town of Roscrea over a mountain.

A few days ago, when looking into the Tithe Applotment records of around 1826, I noticed that among the many Meaghers living throughout that extended area in the early nineteenth century, several clustered into townlands within the civil parish of Roscrea, and several clustered within the townlands in the parish of Bourney. I asked Caitriona about this via email and she explained, regarding the Roscrea area, “If you could imagine making a 3.5 mile diameter circle, and then walking out the front door in Clonan and putting it down on your left, then all of these places would be in it.” Regarding Bourney, she said, “If you made a similar 8-ish mile circle and put it down on your right, these places would be in it.” I love that there now is the memory of our standing in place looking out over it all, to which she can make such a reference that I, in turn, understand!

©2014 Janet Maher, Monaincha Sign

©2014 Janet Maher, Monaincha Sign

Despite all the dispersions, before the Great Famine there was once again a very large concentration of Meaghers/Mahers in the area of the clan’s origin. Given the Meaghers’ interconnected ties through fortuitous marriages with Butlers and other Norman Old English landlords, and their ancient claims to the lands in the area, not only would some of them have found their way back to their ancestral homes, but many from the laborer class may never have been forced to leave. We know that throughout Ireland there were instances of upper class Gaelic families having their properties taken, but being “allowed” to remain as laborers on what had been their own land. The newly planted landlords needed workers, and, especially within the midlands, many landlords became absentee, which left the locals much to their own devices as before the upsets. Some who had been transported may have later been able to return as tenants, sometimes through agreeing to suppress their religious practice or through the kindness of those whom Martin Callanan categorized as “friendly Protestants” (Records of Four Tipperary Septs, 1938).

Whether they remained in place or relocated, by mandate or by choice, all Meaghers, Caitriona confirmed, anciently came from this area. Although the surname has been scattered to the winds over centuries, for any Maher/Meagher looking into their Irish history, we can know that some deep ancestor had lived here at one time. Although I had felt this to likely be true in theory, I was so glad to hear her say this aloud! Yes, we all come from here. Period. And our line at some cellular level is, thus, ancient. In conversing about this later with Anna, she called it a dynasty, noting parallels to ancient lineages in other countries in which that term is commonly used. O’Meagher history was richly documented by Joseph Casimir O’Meagher, and there likely do not exist paper trails deeper than those that he found.

©2014 Janet Maher, Ely O'Carroll Sign, Dublin Road, Tipperary

©2014 Janet Maher, Ely O’Carroll Sign, Dublin Road, Tipperary

Caitriona noted that originally Irish land was not registered to a certain owner. This came later, with British rules. “We o Meachairs would have floated around the barony a lot before that. Then we began to settle in certain areas.” The ancient family groups (tuathas) worked their common lands together, moving into different fields as their own farming practices determined and using naturally occurring land formations as designated perimeters of their properties, which extended great distances. Early on, struggles would have been simply about trying to maintain or expand their holdings and protect them from encroachment by other native Irish.

©2014 Janet Maher, Interior, Monaincha

©2014 Janet Maher, Interior, Monaincha

The web site of Ireland’s Reaching Out group explains Roscrea’s “long and proud heritage” as “stretching back over six thousand years,” and O’Meagher’s “notices” bring us back to before the time of Saint Patrick’s conversion visit to Ireland. He referenced a seventeenth century text by Rev. John Colgan, a Franciscan friar in Louvain, who wrote of Saint Patrick’s travel in 470 A.D. to the area that became the barony of Lower Ormond (Butler), baptizing, Mechair and two other “brothers of that nation—men of power…the sons of Forat, son of Conla (son of Tadg, son of Cian, son of Olioll Olum).” O’Meagher explained the Milesian linage of the surname as descending “from Fionnachada, son of Connla, son of Cian, second son of Oiliol Olum, King of Munster in the third century.” (pp.13, 14)

©2014 Janet Maher, Monaincha, Tipperary

©2014 Janet Maher, Monaincha, Tipperary

Caitriona brought me to two ancient ecclesiastical sites of at least equal importance to others that are more well-known and have been somewhat restored. Both tie to the ancient history of the O’Meaghers/Mahers. The monastic site of Monaincha (Bog of the Island) and the Sean Ross Abbey, founded by Saint Cronan, brought more references in O’Meagher’s book completely to life for me, enhanced by recently hearing historian George Cunningham’s fascinating narration about them. (An MP3 version of his audio tour may be purchased here.)

To follow the growth of what Mr. Cunningham called “the cradle of Christianity” in this area, we look first to the abbey that 7th century Saint Cronan founded at Sean Ross, in a wild and remote section of Ikerrin. When he realized that the place was too far away for people to locate him, he moved into the main town and founded Saint Cronan’s Monastery in Roscrea. Here, his monk, Dimma MacNathi, scribed over forty days and nights the famous Book of Dimma, contained in the collection of Trinity College’s library. An ornate shrine was created to contain the book, financed by Lord O’Carroll, in the 12th century. Around the 1480s the monks wanted to get away from the bustle of the city and returned to the more contemplative location of Sean Ross. This became the parish of Corbally (Corville). O’Meaghers continued to be priors, and O’Meaghers were buried in the graveyard there. Remains of a medieval church are also still there, however, the area is now known more for its special education school for those with learning disabilities, Saint Anne’s, which was begun in 1971. Its earlier modern incarnation, beginning in the 1930s, was as a convent home for unwed mothers. It was there that Michael Hess and his birth mother, Philomena Lee, tried to find each other. This heart-breaking story was made into the film, Philomena, last year, starring Judi Dench and Steve Coogan.

©2014 Janet Maher, Michael Hess Grave at Sean Ross

©2014 Janet Maher, Michael Hess Grave at Sean Ross

O’Meagher’s book contains an excellent map that shows the island of Monaincha (formerly Inchanambro) without the lake, revealing two amoeba shaped ends connected by bogland containing an Abbey Church, Abbot’s apartments, two churches, surrounded by “the ancient Wood non-a Bog” and remains of the Abbot’s orchard. O’Meagher explained that Thaddeus Meachair (Blessed Thaddeus) had become Bishop of Cork and Cloyne after the resignation of William Roche in 1490 (pg. 16). One of the authors of the Annals of the Old Masters in 1664 added a reference to the ritual of crowning O’Meagher rulers, noting that “the steed and battledress of every Lord of them belong to the Comarba of Cronan and Inchanambro…” He further explained that Saint Cronan was the patron saint of Roscrea, and Comarba referred to his successor. Inchanambro, “also in O’Meagher’s country, “was the name of ‘the island of the living,'” later called Lady’s Island. Signage from the Office of Public Works and their Destination Cashel explained that Elarius (St. Elair, or Hilary), who died in 807 A.D., had founded “an important monastery” on the Island of the Living, which began to follow Augustinian rule in 1140 A.D, where the monks remained until 1485. Monaincha’s high cross base was created in the 9th century, but the Celtic cross head dates from three centuries later. Around the grounds of the church are several old graves, including some small Famine Stones. Inside there are still some monuments for a few of the primary people that had been associated with Monaincha. Much of the bog was harvested for fuel over the centuries, leaving only the footprint of a small raised landscape supporting this once quite significant medieval sacred site, two large trees seeming to bravely protect what is left.

©2014 Janet Maher, map of Monaincha, J.C. O'Meagher, Some Historical Notices of the O'Meaghers of Ikerrin

©2014 Janet Maher, map of Monaincha, J.C. O’Meagher, Some Historical Notices of the O’Meaghers of Ikerrin

Giraldus Cambrenis, Gerald the Welshman, wrote about The Monastery of the Island of the Living (Mainistir Inse na mBeo) in 1187. He said, “There is a lake in North Munster with a large island which has a church of an ancient religious order. No woman or animal of the female sex could enter this island without dying immediately. This has been put to the proof many times by means of the cats, dogs and other animals of that sex, which have often been brought to it as a test, and have died at once.” O’Meagher noted that Cambrensis visited there in 1185 (pg. 13). P. W. Joyce explained in 1911 that the miraculous tradition was that it was said to have not been possible for anyone guilty of a great sin to die on the island. Even if they were very ill, it would not be until they left the island that they could actually die. Likewise, if people tried to bury on the island “an unrepentant sinner” who had died somewhere else, there would inevitably be some problem that would not make the burial possible. Even after the monks left the island, the church and its grounds were frequently visited. “About two centuries ago,” Joyce wrote, “the owner drained the lake, forbade all pilgrimages and burials, destroyed the tombs, and had a circular fence built around the church.” (LibraryIreland)

Caitrionia explained, “At Móin na hInse we have a long series of documents from the Holy See dealing with the Priory in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. It was a place of importance and its Prior one of the more outstanding dignitaries of the diocese, so that very many Papal Mandates are addressed to him to deal with the unfortunate disputes which were then so common in the struggle of laymen to gain control of the clerical revenues. The connection of the O Meaghers of Ui Cairn and their control of the Priory is almost continuous throughout the whole period…In A.D. 1350 the Pope issued an Indult to Thady O Meagher and his wife to choose their own Confessor…No doubt the O Meagher succession and control continued up to the Reformation.”

©2014 Janet Maher, Marty Maher Dedication

©2014 Janet Maher, Marty Maher Dedication

We also had a look from a distance at Clonakenny Castle, recently privately purchased, and Caitriona brought me to see an honorary plaque in a local church cemetery for Marty Maher, about whom a John Ford film was made (The Long Grey Line, 1955). We ended back at her mother’s home, where we had a wonderful visit and enjoyed tea and scones at a beautifully laid-out table. Caitriona’s brother and his daughter also stopped by. I am grateful to Mrs. Meagher and her family for the warm welcome, and to Caitriona, who parted the veils for me in such a way that I felt, “OK, I can go home now!” only partway into my journey. I look forward to building a friendship with Caitriona and Anna into the future.

A recent green-energy effort has established a large section of windmills in the area, named after the area’s sacred site. They may be a disturbing hindrance to some local residents. They proved, however, to serve as excellent landmarks for me, as I recalled seeing them from Clonan, and various other angles as we drove around. I found myself in the following days near some of the spots that Caitriona introduced to me, each in various relative proxmities to the windmills. More about Tipperary in Part 5!

Thank you to Caitrion Meagher for her contributions to this piece!

©2014 Janet Maher, Monaincha Windfarm

©2014 Janet Maher, Monaincha Windfarm

©2014 Janet Maher / Sinéad Ni Mheachair

All Rights Reserved

More on the Meaghers/Mahers

10 Wednesday Jul 2013

Posted by Janet Maher in Book Excerpt, Early Irish Catholics in Connecticut, History, Mahers, Meaghers, New Haven Irish Catholic Immigrants

≈ 4 Comments

Tags

American Mahers, Early Irish History, From the Old Sod to the Naugatuck Valley, Irish Catholic History, Irish in Connecticut, Joseph Casimir O'Meagher, Meagher, Milesian Genealogy, New Haven County Mahers

O'Meagher Coat of Arms from original 1890 text of Joseph Casmir O'Meagher's Some Historical Notices of the O'Meaghers of Ikerrin, digitized and colorized, ©2006 Janet Maher

O’Meagher Coat of Arms from original 1890 text of Joseph Casmir O’Meagher’s Some Historical Notices of the O’Meaghers of Ikerrin, digitized and colorized, ©2006 Janet Maher

Although my initial research was primarily about the Meaghers/Mahers, when it came time to edit information to include in my book (From the Old Sod to the Naugatuck Valley: Early Irish Catholics in New Haven County, Connecticut) I chose to keep the content more generally broad. Maher details are sprinkled throughout the history of Ireland and early Connecticut chapters, however, leading to a focus on the nineteenth century in America.

I find myself repeatedly refering to Joseph Casimir O’Meagher’s 1890 text, Some Historical Notices of the O’Meaghers of Ikerrin, which I consider essential for beginning research about the Mahers. It provided most of the earliest Maher details in my book, and I included several instances of historic Mahers from his book in a previous post here (August 20, 2012), Some Notable Meaghers/Mahers and other spellings, cited SHN.

Excerpts from O’Meagher’s text occur verbatum in many different places, and are, unfortunately, usually not attributed to him. I have been singing his praises online since at least 2006 and am happy to see that a Google search on him now brings up many hits, including his full text. Although not perfectly scanned, an inexpensive reprint of Some Historical Notices is also available from Amazon.

A member of the Royal Irish Academy and Fellow of the Royal Historical and Archaeological Association of Ireland, O’Meagher was able to cite his lineage directly from John O’Meagher, who with his mother, Anne, had been among those ordered to transplant to Connaught after the conquest of Oliver Cromwell. John O’Hart’s pedigree of O’Meagher drew Joseph Casimir’s Heber line out from Fionnachta, second son of Conla, “No. 88 on the O’Carroll (Ely) pedigree.” As noted in my previous post, (Our Mileasian Origins) Conla was son of Cian, who was a son of King Olliol Olum. O’Hart considered the O’Meagher pedigree in his book as the ancestral line of O’Meachair, chiefs of Ikerrin. From Fionnachta (No. 88) O’Hart listed Joseph Casimir O’Meagher, born 1831, living in Dublin in 1887, as the son of John T. O’Meagher (No. 127). The line then extended to Joseph’s children: Joseph Dermod (1864), John Kevin (1866), Donn Casimir (1872), Malachy Marie (1873), Fergal Thaddeus (1876) and Mary Nuala (no date given). Joseph Casimir O’Meagher himself, however, cited additional pedigrees that extended Meaghers from other points in the Cian branch, including Teige or Thaddeus (No. 38) and John (No. 39).

O’Meagher provided immense background that led to my further research about such pivotal events in Ireland as: the development of ancient Irish Catholicism and communities of ecclesiastical families, the arrival of the Vikings and Normans, the interest of the English monarchy in Irish lands and sequences of sanctions and acts of “land grabbing” over the centuries, the change in the official religion of England from Catholic to Protestant with Henry VIII, the Penal Laws, continual rebellion on the part of the native Irish and those aligned with Catholic subjects of England who became equally disenfranchised due to adherence to their religion, the Statutes of Kilkenny, the Flight of the Earls, Civil War, arrival of Oliver Cromwell, the Act of Settlement, Oath of Allegiance, Act of Union, Wild Geese, Catholic Relief Acts, Rebellion of 1798, various uprising groups and key figures among them, the Catholic Emancipation Act of 1829, Tithe Defaulters, Catholic middleman landlords, and mass emigrations before, during and after the Great Famine. Here, long before the Irish War of Independence and the formation of the Irish Free State in 1922, my story in From the Old Sod to the Naugatuck Valley shifts to the arrival of the first Irish Catholic settlers in particular sections of New Haven County, Connecticut.

O’Meagher explained that Ikerrin (Ui Cairin) “was anciently one of the eight tuathas in Ely, which got its name from Eile, one of its kings in the fifth century.” Ger Dunphy and Christy O’Shea, in their work, Ballinakill, A Journey Through Time, explained the formation of King and Queen’s Counties, carved from Ely O’Carroll, which was primarily the area known then as Offaly. Quoting from my own book: “Throughout the centuries clan jurisdictions changed many times as the ownership of the land was continually disputed and compromised. In 1556 Queen Mary I renamed Offaly as King’s County, and named Leix (Laoighois/Laois), which had been part of Offaly, as Queen’s County. These were the first of the Irish counties to be intentionally planted with Protestant English residents. In this region the plantation was an attempt to make it difficult for the major Irish clan of the area, the O’Moores, to easily connect with their nearby allies.”

“According to Irish authors Ger Dunphy and Christy O’Shea, the extensive area of Ballenekyll in Queen’s County was awarded in 1570 to the English couple Alexander Cosby and Dorcas Sydney and was incorporated by King James I in 1613…the royal charter tightened the Irish recusancy laws that fined anyone who did not attend mass at the Anglican church, the official Church of England and Ireland.”

In O’Meagher’s explanation, eventually Ely O’Carroll was comprised of the baronies Ballybritt and Clonlisk, which became King’s County. Ikerrin and Eliogarty were part of Tipperary.  He wrote, “for many centuries Ely O’Carroll is confined to that portion of it now in the Kings County, and at the time Ely O’Carroll was reduced to shire ground, the barony of Ikerrin was not considered part of it.”

For those of us who know that our families were among the many who had already dispersed from the ancient homeland before they emigrated it is interesting to note that even O’Meagher’s group, with several of his sons attending university in Dublin, were no longer based in the Roscrea (Ikerrin) area of Tipperary by the late 1800s. In 1659 Sir William Petty’s census had already showed Meaghers in several neighboring areas of Ireland (Our Mileasian Origins).

We do well to read the very helpful 1993 article by William J. Hayes, O Meagher, Meagher and Maher – and their dispersal in Tipperary, which can be purchased from the Tipperary Historical Society. He explained the tendency for many of the Meaghers to have aligned with the powerful Normans, particularly the Butlers who remained Catholic, and thus retain much of their property over centuries of struggle, at least into the seventeenth century. After Cromwell, however, all bets were off. Excerpts from this article are archived on RootsWeb. O’Meagher also chronicled the dispersion from northeast Tipperary through his accumulation of data, including details of many eighteenth and nineteenth century Meaghers/Mahers who left to join foreign military units or settle in America.

If we find that our relatives had traveled over the Slieve Bloom Mountains into Laois or Offaly, scattered throughout the rest of Tipperary or crossed the borders into Kilkenny and Carlow, we wonder what led them there and how many generations had roots in those places. Did they choose to leave as so many of us change locations throughout our own lives? Was survival through farming too difficult to maintain in their family? Did the inheritance laws make it impossible for most of the children to remain within their original neighborhoods? Did they marry someone from another county? Anciently, were at least some of them among those who had once taken to the hills to hide out and to fight? O’Meagher accounted multiple occurrances of Meagher/Maher rebel action and the need for pardons of one kind or another. He noted the caveat in King Henry VIII’s issuing of pardons, “Provided that if any of those persons be of the Nation or Sept of the O’Meaghers, who were proclaimed traitors and rebels, the pardons to be of no effect in favour of such.”

So many Irish came to America as outlaws, slaves, or indentured servants and worked in obscurity, likely experiencing life in conditions worse than those which they left. Before the Famine, however, some were affluent enough to choose to make the trip across the sea and begin anew on equal footing in the Protestant communities of America, long populated by those still aligned to British sentiments about the Irish, in general, and about Catholics in particular. Had these Catholic immigrants been middlemen or related to one in Ireland? Had they married into families that had somehow retained a semblance of wealth or at least maintained some financial stability? Had their families been merchants, one trade allowed to Catholics? Had those from Kilkenny worked in the Ormond factory? What must it have been like to try to blend into a new world and assimilate as quickly as possible and still manage to help bring others over and begin the forbidden first Catholic churches?

When we wish to play the record of Irish history and locate our families amid it, where we drop the needle matters. We need to consider every fact in light of what else was going on at that point in time in Ireland and in the location into which they would emigrate. Much of that, sadly, revolves around religion, in ways similar to the major struggles between countries that exist today. Then, as today, there were open minds seeking peace on both sides of each conflict, and the fundamentalists on either side began quickly to resemble each other. We must study what we find, however, in its own context. With the Meaghers, history seems to center around land and religion.

Catastrophic events make significant changes from one century to the next, but the seemingly small details in the decades surrounding someone’s departure from Ireland may help to shed the most light. Having thoroughly scoured the “ground zero” of the place to which my ancestors relocated and their presence within it, I hope to still learn more about the events surrounding the time and area that they left in the Old Sod.

©2013 Janet Maher / Sinéad Ní Mheachair

All Rights Reserved

References:

Dunphy, Ger and Christy O’Shea, Ballinakill, A Journey Through Time, Freshford, Co. Kilkenny, Ireland: Barnaville Print and Graphics, 2002.

Hayes, William J., “O Meagher, Meagher and Maher – and their dispersal in Tipperary,” Tipperary Historical Journal, Thurles, Co. Tipperary, Ireland: Leinster Leader, Ltd., 1993. Excerpts online.

Maher, Janet, From the Old Sod to the Naugatuck Valley: Early Irish Catholics in New Haven County, Connecticut, Baltimore, MD: Apprentice House, 2012 [This book is 400 pages and includes 336 images. It may be obtained at: Mattatuck Museum, Waterbury, CT; Naugatuck Historical Society, Naugatuck, CT; and Quinnipiac University Bookstore, Mount Carmel Branch, Hamden, CT. In Baltimore it may be purchased from Loyola University Bookstore and The Ivy Bookshop. Online it may be purchased from Amazon.com, Barnes and Noble, Amazon UK, and from me via Paypal or by check (P.O. Box 40211, Baltimore, MD, 21212).]

O’Hart, John, Irish Pedigrees: or, The Origin and Stem of The Irish Nation, Fifth Edition in Two Volumes, Dublin, Ireland: James Duffy and Co., Ltd., 1892. Online.

O’Meagher, Joseph Casimir, Some Historical Notices of the O’Meaghers of Ikerrin,   Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., American Edition: NY, 1890. Online.

Some Notable Mahers/Meaghers (and other spellings)

20 Monday Aug 2012

Posted by Janet Maher in History, Mahers, Meaghers

≈ 9 Comments

Tags

Ikerrin, Janet Maher, Joseph Casimir O'Meagher, Notable Mahers, O'Meagher, Saint Machar, Some Historical Notices of the O'Meaghers of Ikerrin, Thomas Francis Meagher

O’Meagher Coat of Arms from original 1890 text of Joseph Casmir O’Meagher’s Some Historical Notices of the O’Meaghers of Ikerrin, digitized and colorized, ©2006 Janet Maher

Like Mahers in the Early Wars, this entry reprints and greatly updates a portion of my 2006 website that is no longer available online. Six years ago there were not as many links to famous Mahers/Meaghers as there are today, particularly to that of Brigadier General Thomas Francis Meagher. Here I have also included some of the many references to individuals mentioned in “the Maher Bible”—Joseph Casimir O’Meagher’s Some Historical Notices of the O’Meaghers of Ikerrin, from which I’ve compiled some additional information, cited as SHN, along with page numbers. In some instances I have connected these references back to my own previous blog essays. In particular, I have made the discovery and connection here between the death of Very Reverend James Maher, of Carlow-Graigue, 1874, with my own tombstone transcriptions of Killinane Cemetery of a previous post. It also seems likely to me that contemporary Mahers of Kildare whose ancestry has remained in place near Kilcullen had likely been related to James Maher, below, of 1673. Indeed, O’Meagher’s book was one of the resources I used to plan our trip to Ireland last summer, scouting out particular places he mentioned!

A new friend, an American Maher who had his DNA tested, was surprised that his results seemed to lead his ancestry, confusingly, to Spain. I recalled both the early origins of Ireland, and J. C. O’Meagher’s notices of the many O’Meaghers who had been defeated in their efforts to defend their homeland in the seventeenth century and were forced to relocate abroad to serve in foreign armies. The result speaks to me, rather, of possible authenticity to a long ancestral line. Might he be a contemporary descendant of the ancient Mileasians that evolved into the Meachairs and other spellings of the surname that led to the Meaghers/Mahers? I found in Naugatuck some curious references to names that seemed foreign. Might they also have been quiet clues to ancient aspects of Meagher history or to earlier family members who numbered among the Wild Geese? Such mysteries, while worth considering, are likely unsolvable and unprovable.

[Since I was advised to include a photograph of myself in my book, From the Old Sod to the Naugatuck Valley, Early Irish Catholics in New Haven, County, Connecticut, I have also taken the liberty of including my own web site, currently under re-construction, on this list. Note that, unlike this blog, my book is not all about Mahers, although information about Maher families and individuals of New Haven County, among other surnames, is contained there. It is of much broader interest regarding the topics of Irish history and the origins of Catholicism in Connecticut, but it would undoubtedly be of interest to Mahers and those with Irish ancestry in New Haven County, Connecticut, especially the Greater Waterbury Region and Naugatuck Valley.]

Selected Mahers, Meaghers, in time:

  • Calendar of Irish Saints, 7 September, feast day of daughter of Meachair (SHN, pg. 14)
  • Calendar of Irish Saints, 6 January, feast day of Dermod, son of Meachair, Bishop of Airthear-Maighe, Tuath-ratha (Toorah, Co. Fermanagh), (SHN, pg. 14)
  • Saint Machar, disciple of St. Columba, Archbishop of Tours; also called Mochumma and Mauritius (name given by Pope Gregory); founded Church/See of Aberdeen (formerly Ferryhill), Pictish Kingdom (Scotland), 1366, parish church of Old Machar, north of King’s College. Near the cathedral in 1890 stood St. Machar’s Cottage and Old Machar’s Poorhouse; also three instances of Machar’s Hough, near Kildrummie and Aberdeen (SHN, pp. 14, 25, 26)
  • The First Maher Website, Jack Wilson, 1996
  • Maher Island, Antarctica
  • Alice Maher, Irish artist
  • Anne Meagher, widow, of Cloyne Castle, forced in 1653 to transplant to Connaught at the end of the Confederacy war waged by the Puritans; seventy-five people accompanied her into exile (SHN, pp. 21, 40; see also pp. 95-101) Before the war, twenty-seven castles in the barony of Ikerrin were property of O’Meaghers. See my previous post, O’Meagher Castles.
  • Anthony O’Meagher, Parke, Co. Tipperary, “Titulados” [i.e. graduate, higher education] in Ikerrin, 1659 census. (SHN, pg. 134)
  • Ashley Maher, singer-songwriter, world music
  • Bill Maher, political humorist
  • Brendan Maher, writer, Nature: International Weekly Journal of Science
  • Daniel J. Meagher, of Roscrea, Tipperary (formerly Ikerrin Barony), Co. H, 5th NY, Valorous Firefighter
  • Danny Aloysius Maher, born Hartford, CT, 1881, Jockey, National Museum of Racing Hall of Fame
  • Ellen O’Meagher, daughter, sole heiress of John O’Meagher, chief, Clonakenny, wife of Dr. Gerard Ffennell, assigned her estates in Tipperary and Galway to Jasper Ffrende, 1671; died 1681, was buried in Holy Cross Abbey. (SHN, pg. 134)
  • Francis Meagher, 1798, “included in the ‘Banishment Act,’ with Thomas Addis Emmet, Lord Edward Firtzgerald,” and others. (SHN, pg. 141)
  • George Alfred Maher, champion figure skater, Canada
  • George Washington Maher, architect
  • Gillernew O’Meagher, 11 January 1571, received a pardon after fine.
  • Inghin, daughter of O’Meagher, King of Ikerrin, 1280, married to Seaffriadh Bacagh MacGilla Patraic, the Lame (SHN, pg. 14)
  • James Maher, Fine Art photography
  • Very Rev. James Maher, DD., 24 May 1792 – 2 April 1874, Parish Priest of Carlow-Graigue (and formerly, Leighlin Bridge and Paulstown), died 1792; “This eminent ecclesiastic…had for nigh half a century been a known and honored figure in the land;” spent many years in Rome; “it is no exaggeration to say, that even in the ranks of the Irish Priesthood, none whose lives have been cast in the same era with the late Father Maher will bear a more exalted example to their brethren and to posterity. In every movement to advance the liberties, the happiness and the well-being of Ireland, which has taken place within forty years, Father Maher occupied a prominent and distinguished position…A master of great dialectic skill…Blameless as a man, honored as a patriot, loved as a priest, his death is regretted far and wide throughout the country…” His nephew was Cardinal Cullen; biography written by his grand-nephew, Cardinal Moran. (SHN, pg. 139) See my previous post, Killinane Cemetery. Also see Prof. Donal McCarthy’s article about him, hosted on rootsweb.
  • James Maher, designed the public grounds, Washington, D.C. (SHN, pg. 182)
  • James Meagher, Kilcullen, Co. Kildare, 1673, “commanded forthwith after sight to appear before His Majesty’s Secretary at Dublin Castle, to answer such matters as should be objected against him;” a warrant issued the following year for his failure to appear. (SHN, pg. 134) See my previous post about Old Kilcullen Graveyard.
  • James O’Meagher, Tipperary, Co. Tipperary, son of James O’Meagher and Catherine Lloyd, born 1805; ordained 15 August 1853, Cistercian Abbey of Mount Melleray; “extensive knowledge of medicine…He was a most exemplary man during his life, and after his death his Brethren regarded him as a saint…died of consumption, 8 May 1871.” (SHN, pg. 142)
  • Janet Maher, artist/author of this blog
  • Lieut./Capt. John Meagher, Grange, Co. Tipperary, thanked by King Charles II for his “services beyond the seas” during the Act of Settlement, 1660, restored to his property in Ikerrin; John O’Meagher, Grange, Co. Tipperary, Assessor of Taxes, 1689. In 1649 he, along with Thomas Maghery, Thomas O’Meagher (Ensign, Bagnell’s Foot; also a Thomas who was Capt., Mountcashel’s Reg.), Philip (Liet., Oxford’s Foot); and William O’Meagher, were among 49 officers to the King. They were associated with Donegal, Longford, and Wicklow. (SHN, pg. 55, 133, 134, 135)
  • Captain John Meagher, “notorious ringleader of the rogues,” taken by William Wolseley near Mullingar and hanged in Maryborough, 1690 (SHN, pg. 55)
  • Private John Maher, died 1916, France, Battle of the Somme
  • Keidagh/Keddaghe O’Meagher, Ikerrin, commanded rebel forces, 1599. Spanish help arrived in 1600 in Kinsale; Red Hugh O’Donnell, Hugh O’Neill (who camped at Roscrea and Templetouhy), the third son of Viscount Mountgarrett, some Graces, and Thomas Butler (related to Sir Edward Butler) with 200 additional men, came to his aid, joining his army of “300 rogues.” (SHN, pp. 19, 54)
  • Maher Sanctuary, Barry County, Michigan
  • King Malachy of Erinn, 1012 A.D., defeated in war with the Danes in, Drinan, Co. Dublin, along with his son, Flann, and Lorcan, son of the King of Cinel Meachair
  • Mary T. Meagher Plant, “Madame Butterfly,” Kentucky, Olympic swimmer, three gold medals, 1984, bronze, 1988
  • Matt Maher, Christian singer-songwriter
  • A. Michael Maher essay, The Six Napoleons member, Sherlock Holmes club
  • Michael Maher, executive producer, film, Ondine
  • Miranda Maher, American artist
  • Molly Maher and Her Band of Disbelievers, alt-folk rock, Minneapolis/St. Paul
  • Meagher County, Montana (USGenWeb Project)
  • “Release of Mrs. Meagher,” Ballingarry, Clonmel Nationalist, May 9, 1891
  • Mechair, son of Conla, Meachair, son of Forat, baptized by Saint Patrick in Muscraighethire, 470 A.D. (SHN, pp. 14, 130)
  • See my previous post, The Mahers of Kilkenny
  • “The Mighty Meaghers” in Irish America
  • Patrick Maher, Middletown (buried in St. John’s Cemetery), served in the Revolutionary War, 3rd Regiment, the Connecticut Line, from 1777; also James Maher, Hartford, same unit; Burr Maher, served in Hartford State Militia; Joseph Maher served in New London. (SHN, pg. 157)
  • Father Patrick Meagher, S. J., Waterford, brother of Thomas Meagher, mayor and member of Parliament, uncle of Thomas Francis Meagher, Brigadier- General. Served in Dublin; “his eloquent sermons, which he prepared with great care and which were remarkable for their polished language, drew crowded congregations, wherein might always be counted many literary men.” (SHN, pg. 142)
  • Major Patrick Maher, American Civil War; see my post, Mahers in the Early Wars; he is also included in a vignette in my book.
  • Very Reverend Philip Meagher, “Master of the Faculty of Divinity, Paris, Treasurer, Diocese of Cashel and Emly, Parish Priest, Fethard.” In 1738 certified the degree of John Stapleton. “There is a tradition in Fethard that one of the O’Meaghers of Drangan was a distinguished member of the Irish College in Paris.” (SHN, pp. 136, 137)
  • O’Maghers, etc., inhabiting the territory of Ikerrin, “fit for plantation” by English, 1620 (SHN, pg. 90)
  • O’Maugher, listed among those Irishmen against whom gallowglass were hired to fight at the border of the English Pale (Dublin), 1560 (SHN, pp.51, 52)
  • O’Meagher, Chief of Ikerrin, and his wife, Honoria, died, 1424 (SHN, pg. 49)
  • “O’Meagher, Meagher and Maher – and their dispersal in Tipperary,” William J. Hayes (Tipperary Historical Journal, 1993, excerpts)
  • O’Meagher of Ikerryn, listed as one of the chief Irish of Ireland in 1549 report, “What Ireland is and how much,” (SHN, pg. 51)
  • The O’Meagher, of Bawnmadrum Castle, Ikerrin (Bourney Parish, included Knockballymeagher), hosted bard Angus O’Daly in 1617. The poet had distained the Irish chieftains throughout the provinces, and at this castle, after satirizing this chieftain was stabbed by a servant. As he died he composed: “All the false judgements that I have passed / Upon the chiefs of Munster I forgive; / The meagre servant of the grey O’Meagher has / passed an equivalent judgement upon me.” (SHN, pp. 19, 20)
  • O’Meaghers in the army of King James, 1689: John Meagher, Sarfield’s Horse; Cornelius, Brian, Edmund O’Meagher, Purcell’s Horse; Daniel O’Meagher, Butler’s Foot; John, Edmund, Thomas O’Meagher, Bagenal’s Foot; Philip O’Meagher, Oxburg’s Foot; Thomas O’Meagher, Mountcashel’s Foot. (SHN, pg. 21)
  • O’Meaghers who had participated in the Jacobite war in support of King James served after their defeat and emigration in: France (Bulkeley, Clare, Galmoy, Lee regiments); Spain (Hibernia, Irlanda, Wauchop, Waterford regiments); Prussia (Von Derfinger’s Dragoons, and garrison of Custrin). FRANCE: Regiment Irlandois de Galmoy (1689): Edmond O’Meagher, Lieutenant, an invalid in 1706; another lieutenant listed in 1707; Regiment Irlandois de Lee (1683), Mountcashel’s Regiment; called Regiment Irlandois de Bulkeley 1734-1775, then incorporated with Regiment Irlandois de Dillon, after 1793 regiments were named rather than numbered: Le Major O’Meagher, and another, Le Capitaine Patrice O’Meagher (1741); Regiment Irlandois de Clare (1689), Regiment Fitzgerald (1763), Regiment de Meade (1770), incorporated with Regiment de Berwick (1774): Le Captaine Phillipe O’Meagher (1755-1764). SPAIN: Regimento de Infanteria de Waterford (1653): Don Guillermo Meagher (transferred from French regiment Berwick); Don Juan Meagher, Lieutenant-colonel reformado (1710); Don Bernardo Meagher, Lieutenant (1722); Regimento de Infanteria de Irlanda (swordsmen who had been defeated at decison of Limerick, 1691): Don Guillermo O’Meagher (1709-1725, graduated from sergeant to captain); Don Miguel O’Meagher (born 1767, graduated from cadet, 1781, to Lieutenant-Colonel of Grenadiers, 1803); 1715 transferring from French service to Regimento de Infanteria de Wauchop and Regiment de Conacia: Don Thomas Meagher, and Don Guillermo Meagher (born 1663), transferred into this regiment 1711 after eighteen years in France, Lieutenant (1715), then Captain (1725). POLAND/SAXONY: Thadée de Meagher, Lieutenant-General and Colonel Proprietor of the Swiss Guard, Poland/Saxony (1734, had previously served in France, born 1670), Chamberlain to the King; negotiated treaty of neutrality with Frederick the Great, Seven Year’s War. (SHN, pp 21, 22, 40-44.)
  • O’Meaghers ordered to transplant to lessor lands, forfeiting their homes in 1653: An O’Machar, Cloyne, Tipperary; Edmund O’Meagher, Cloughrale, Tipperary; John O’Meagher, Ann O’Meagher, Clonkenny Castle; Edmund O’Meagher, Cloghrale; Honoria Ny Meagher, Limerick City; Donogh O’Meagher, Barnane; Daniel O’Meagher, Thomas Meagher, Polinstown; Juan Meagher, Killawardy, Tipperary; Thomas O’Meagher, Lorhane/Louraine, Tipperary; Teige Meagher, Killduffe, Tipperary; Owny Meagher, Parke, Tipperary; Teige Meagher, Gortenane, Tipperary; David Meagher; Cornelius O’Meagher, “Innocent,” Thady, Esq., Drangan, “outlawed.” (SHN, pp. 92, 93, 133, 134; also see forfeitures, 95-101)
  • O’Meaghry de Ikery, chyef capytaine of his nation, 1514, listed in the Kings’ report among the Irish kingdoms recommended for suppression (pg. 49, 50)
  • Ownia/Winifrede, daughter of O’Meagher of Templemore (Ikerrin), early 1600s, married Hervé de Monte Marisco (with special dispensation) and he became the lord of Ikerrin. (SHN, pg. 27) [See more about this in my book.]
  • Shane Begge O’Meagher, Roscrea, apprehended by Piers Butler (Fitzedmond), hanged  as a traitor in Kilkenny, 1589
  • Dr. Stephen J. Maher, tuberculosis specialist, New Haven, CT
  • Tadhg O’Meachair, commander of the Kerns of Munster, 1401, at a battle that Art, King of Munster, initiated against the foreigners, the Danes in Dublin. Poet Gilla-na-naomh O’Huidrin (father of Tadhg) wrote,” Mightily have they filled the land,/ The O’Meachairs, the territory of Ui Cairin,/ A tribe at the foot of the Bearnan Eile; / It is no shame to celebrate their triumph.” (SNH, pg. 15, 16)
  • Teige O’Meagher, Chief of Ikerrin, died, 1462
  • Teige-oge O’Meagher (married to a Butler, but no children, son and heir to the O’Meagher of Clonykenny Castle), raised a regiment for O’Dwyer’s Irish Confederates Brigade called  O’Dwyer’s Foot for the Irish Civil War of 1641. The Brigade surrendered on 23 March 1652 and Brigadier O’Dwyer was allowed to leave the country with 3,500 soldiers to serve abroad, but O’Meagher, Theobald Butler and others were executed. Joseph Casimir O’Meagher believed that Teige-oge was been found guilty of uttering “traitorous or disloyal words or speeches.” In 1642 he led 1500 men, with Purcell, O’Dwyer, and others “with [colors] flying,” to block the entrance to Cashel Castle [likely in defense of the castle, see William, Coolagh, below].  (SHN, pg. 20, 21, 39, 133)
  • [Note: Tadg/Tadhg has been Anglicized as Teague, Teige/Teigue or Tim, meaning  storyteller, poet or philosopher; Teige-oge would likely have referred to “young” Teige, who would have had a father by the same name. Thadeus/Thaddeus may have been an equivalent of Timothy.]
  • The Blessed Thaddeus, 1490, appointed Bishop of Cork and Coyne (his birthplace); died of exhaustion in 1492 on his way to Rome. “A great light glreaming on the bed” at his death, “a light that did not burn.” (SHN, pg. 16, 17)
  • Thadeus O’Meagher, of Ballydine, and Anastasia Purtil, buried in Augustinian Abbey, Fethard, Tipperary, 1600; also mentioned there: John O’Meagher, who restored the abbey, his only daughter, his son, Daniel Costello O’Meagher, and his son, Rev. John O’Meagher, curate of Templemore. (SNH, pg. 53)
  • Thadeus O’Meagher, member of Parliament for Callen, Co. Kilkenny, 1689  (SHN, pg. 55)
  • Thadeus Gankagh O’Meagher, of Drunsaileach, near Roscrea, buried 19 Dec. 1627 in tomb at Dangan (SHN, pg. 55)
  • Thaddeus O’Meagher, 1798, “enlisted in the 7th Fusileers so as to avoid the consequences of a ‘fracas’ in which he had taken part, when he sided with the people against a Yeomanry Corps, drawn up at College Green.” A long military career, died 1820.
  • Theodore de Meagher, Maréchal de Campo in 1660, served under the Prince of Condé, Spanish Netherlands, having been allowed to emigrate after the failure of the Irish Civil War, 1652. (SHN, pg. 21)
  • Thomas Meagher, 1680, high sheriff of Limerick, son of Thomas Meagher, surgeon. (SHN, pg. 134)
  • Thomas O’Meagher, Fethard, son of Thomas Mor, 1841, “was at the height of his fame as a classical teacher at this period. Both father and son were noted for their scholarly attainments, in the ancient classics, modern languages, and for rigid discipline.” Along with the school of Thomas Walsh, nearby, in Killenaule, students came from all over to study with them for the priesthood. “They were boarded and lodged free in the villages, towns, and county adjacent, and many of them wee afterwards distinguished in Carlow, Thurles, Maynooth, and Trinity Colleges; the medical schools in Cork, Belfast, and Dublin; in the Sorbonne, Louvain, and Rome.” (SHN, pg. 151)
  • Thomas Meagher, 1796 -1874 (father of the Brigadier General),  born near Waterford; his wealthy father, a sea merchant, owned an estate and seven ships, trading with Newfoundland; he was the first mayor of Waterford, re-elected (1844-46); member of Parliament, 1847-1857; philanthropist; his wife was Miss Quan, daughter also of an established merchant; their children: Thomas Francis (below), Henry (J.P. Lieutenant-Colonel Waterford Artillery, lived in Kingstown, IRE), Mary Agnes, a nun (Taunton Convent, England). He was buried in Glasnevin Cemetery
  • Thomas Francis Meagher, 1823- 1887, Brigadier General, American Civil War, leader of the 69th New York Irish Brigade; Secretary and Acting Governor, Montana; LINKS/IMAGES: Brigadier-General: his political and military career with selections from his speeches and writings, by W.F. Lyons;  Monument at Antitam Battlefield, Civil War Ballad,   Meagher Is Leading the Irish Brigade; article by Rick Steves, The Amazing Life of Waterford’s Favorite Son; Wilson’s Almanac on Thomas Meagher and Young Ireland; Meagher County, Montana, 1895 U.S. Atlas; Lithograph, Meagher At The Battle of Fair Oaks, VA, June 1, 1862; Green-Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn, NY, grave site of Mrs. Thomas Franicis Meagher, Elizabeth Townsend Meagher – requests being made for donations for a monument for Thomas; Stone at Green-Wood Cemetery; Christmas Ornament issued by Capital Restoration Foundation, Helena, MT; The American Civil War Photo Gallery; Neihart, Meagher County, MT, Butte-Silver Bow Public Library image; Thomas Francis Meagher: the making of an Irish American, by John M. Hearne and Rory T. Cornish; The Irish General: Thomas Francis Meagher, by Paul R. Wylie; The Irish Orators, A History of Ireland’s Fight For Freedom, by Claude G. Bowers (pp. 323-372); Statue outside of Montana state capitol, Webzine, Ann Telling, editor; Transcription of a letter from Prof. Paul Chrisler Phillips research file, Mansfield Library, Montana; Trial of the Irish Patriots at Clonmel; Currier and Ives image, General Meagher at the Battle of Fair Oaks, Springfield Museums Collection, MA; Craig Lancaster, blog entry visit to Fort Benton, MT, T.F. Meagher bust and plaque; William Smith O’Brien and Thomas Meagher prison record, 1823, “serious treasonable practice,” on Find My Past; “Meagher of the Sword,” “The Antebellum Era,” “The Sword Speech,” The Wild Geese Today; “The Wild Geese (The Fighting Irish), Thomas F. Meagher,” John Mooney website; The Irish in the Civil War, Meagher section, Ohio Civil War 150.
  • Tibinia, daughter of O’Meagher, Ikerrin, married on 23 December 1385 (with special dispensation at a time when Irish were not allowed to marry English) Sir Almaric Grace, “for the better preservation and improvement of the peace of the country.” (SHN, pg. 15)
  • Sgt. William John Meagher, Medal of Honor, Arlington Cemetery
  • William Maher, Freshford, Co. Kilkenny, 1849, County Coroner. (SHN, pg. 151)
  • William Meagher, Windgap, Co. Kilkenny, “deprived of a handsome pension conferred for his distinguished service, because of his adhesion to the national cause.” (SHN, pg. 151)
  • William Meagher, Coolagh, Co. Tipperary (after travels throughout Munster collecting Fenian lore, resided in Killamory); Irish bard, antiquary, linguist; “acquired the reputation of being the best Irish scholar of the day in that part of Ireland;” Mr. O’Neill published a large collection of his Ossianic poems; “Meagher also composed an Irish song on the occasion of the marriage of John, 17th Earl of Ormonde, brother of the Most Rev. Christopher Butler, Bishop of Cashel.” (SHN, pg. 137)

(Information about purchasing my book is here. I will give a talk and do a signing at the Mattatuck Museum, Waterbury, Connecticut, on October 25.)

©2012 Janet Maher/Sinéad Ní Mheachair

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